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Current treatments, including corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, are limited by systemic toxicity and nonspecific biodistribution. Nanomaterial\u2010based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges by improving drug solubility, facilitating targeted delivery, and reducing off\u2010target effects. This review comprehensively discusses the rational design and application of advanced nanomaterials\u2014such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and biomimetic nanocarriers\u2014in the context of SLE\/LN therapy. It highlights how tailored nanoplatforms can selectively target key immune cells (e.g., T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and renal parenchymal cells, support combination therapy, and improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing off\u2010target effects. Furthermore, the review critically examines current challenges and future prospects for clinical translation, advocating for smarter nano\u2010therapeutics capable of integrating immune modulation and organ\u2010specific targeting. 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