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Conventional LNPs rely on non\u2010specific cellular interactions and internalisation which can result in poor delivery to target cells and increased off\u2010target delivery. Surface functionalization of LNPs with antibodies can enhance target cell accumulation, reducing off target effects. However, selecting antibody\u2010receptor pairs based on abundance does not result in optimal delivery. Here, we present a novel approach to quantify internalisation and mRNA delivery efficiency of antibody\u2010functionalised LNP\/mRNA in primary human T and B cells. By targeting LNPs to a range of clinically relevant T and B cell receptors, we demonstrate that LNP internalisation does not necessarily predict successful mRNA delivery. Our findings highlight that receptor mediated internalisation can improve targeted delivery of LNPs, however favourable receptor\u2010specific post\u2010internalisation trafficking of LNP\/mRNA is critical to successful cytosolic mRNA release and translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:20:48Z","timestamp":1779376848000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Entry Without Expression: Internalisation Does Not Predict mRNA Translation for Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron H.","family":"Smyth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1934-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara M.","family":"Moll\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3973-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4234-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moore Z.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5611-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus P. 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