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Among the various RED membrane technologies, gradient hydrogel membranes can exhibit exceptional performance due to structural features that facilitate ion\u2010selective transport, but often suffer from poor mechanical properties and\/or high internal resistance. Here, a high\u2010entanglement slide\u2010ring asymmetric polyelectrolyte double\u2010network (SRAP\u2010DN) hydrogel membrane has been prepared by unilateral photopolymerization for osmotic energy harvesting by RED. The membrane can achieve high output power densities &gt;10\u2009Wm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    under the neutral 50\u2010fold salinity gradient, which can be boosted to &gt;16\u2009Wm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at pH 12 with a 200\u2010fold KCl gradient. Unlike most hydrogel membranes, SRAP\u2010DN is remarkably tough yet extremely high in water content (93%), which lowers internal resistance while benefiting cost and scalability by minimizing polymer content. SRAP\u2010DN was leveraged to prototype miniature and flexible thin\u2010film power supplies made of 24 cells connected in series that can harvest osmotic energy from natural seawater and river water to produce &gt;2\u2009V of stable potential. The excellent performance of these tough, water\u2010rich membranes in blue energy harvesting bodes well for the prospect of low\u2010cost, eco\u2010, and bio\u2010friendly lightweight power supplies for wearable, implantable, or clean energy technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.70334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1783598692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Asymmetric Doping of a Polyelectrolyte Network Into a Tough Slide\u2010Ring Hydrogel Membrane to Enhance Sustainable Osmotic Energy Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Subhankar","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ATLAS Institute University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Lorente Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATLAS Institute University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseem Milind","family":"Visal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carson J.","family":"Bruns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATLAS Institute University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"name":"Paul M. 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