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Herein, the authors find that a viscoelastic multilayered graphene hydrogel (MGH) membrane, despite exhibiting a much higher Young's modulus than nerve tissues, shows little inflammatory response after 8\u2010week implantation in rat sciatic nerves. The MGH membrane shows significant viscoelasticity due to the slippage between graphene nanosheets, facilitating its seamless yet minimally compressive interfacing with nerves to reduce the inflammation caused by the stiffness mismatch. When used as neural stimulation electrodes, the MGH membrane can offer abundant ion\u2010accessible surfaces to bring a charge injection capacity 1\u20132 orders of magnitude higher than its traditional Pt counterpart, and further demonstrates chronic neural therapy potential in low\u2010voltage modulation of rat blood pressure. This work suggests that the emergence of 2D nanomaterials and particularly their unique structural attributes can be harnessed to enable new bio\u2010interfacing design strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202200022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T06:22:22Z","timestamp":1646806942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Harnessing the 2D Structure\u2010Enabled Viscoelasticity of Graphene\u2010Based Hydrogel Membranes for Chronic Neural Interfacing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University  Guangzhou 510632 China"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria 3010 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