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As ex vivo 3D cultures of patient tumor cells, patient\u2010derived tumor organoids possess the biological properties of primary tumors and are therefore excellent preclinical models for cancer research. Patient\u2010derived organoids can be established using primary tumor tissues, peripheral blood, pleural fluid, ascites, and other samples containing tumor cells. Circulating tumor cells acquired by non\u2010invasive sampling feature dynamic circulation and high heterogeneity. Circulating tumor cell\u2010derived organoids are prospective tools for the dynamic monitoring of tumor mutation evolution profiles because they reflect the heterogeneity of the original tumors to a certain extent. This review discusses the advantages and applications of patient\u2010derived organoids. 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