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As a ubiquitin\u2010specific protease (USP), USP26 can stabilize the protein fate of \u03b2\u2010catenin to promote the osteogenic activity of mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) and significantly increased bone regeneration in bone defects in aged mice. However, direct transfection of\n                    <jats:italic>Usp26<\/jats:italic>\n                    in vivo is inefficient. Therefore, improving the efficient expression of USP26 in target cells is the key to promoting bone tissue repair. Herein, 3D printing combined with microfluidic technology is applied to construct a functional microunit (protein fate regulating functional microunit, denoted as PFFM), which includes GelMA microspheres loaded with BMSCs overexpressing\n                    <jats:italic>Usp26<\/jats:italic>\n                    and seeded into PCL 3D printing scaffolds. The PFFM provides a microenvironment for BMSCs, significantly promotes adhesion, and ensures cell activity and\n                    <jats:italic>Usp26<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation that stabilizes \u03b2\u2010catenin protein significantly facilitates BMSCs to express osteogenic phenotypes. In vivo experiments have shown that PFFM effectively accelerates intervertebral bone fusion. Therefore, PFFM can provide new ideas and alternatives for using USP26 for intervertebral fusion and other hard\u2010to\u2010repair bone defect diseases and is expected to provide clinical translational potential in future treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202301375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T23:16:07Z","timestamp":1703459767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Targeted Protein Fate Modulating Functional Microunits Promotes Intervertebral Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P. 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