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However, the widespread deployment of water electrolysis is currently limited by the high\u2010cost and scarce noble metal electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Given this challenge, design and synthesis of cost\u2010effective and high\u2010performance alternative catalysts have become a research focus, which necessitates insightful understandings of HER fundamentals and material engineering strategies. Distinct from typical reviews that concentrate only on the summary of recent catalyst materials, this review article shifts focus to material engineering strategies for developing efficient HER catalysts. In\u2010depth analysis of key material design approaches for HER catalysts, such as doping, vacancy defect creation, phase engineering, and metal\u2010support engineering, are illustrated along with typical research cases. 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