{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:08:18Z","timestamp":1792638498743,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cell membrane nanoparticles have attracted increasing interest in nanomedicine because they allow to exploit the complexity of cell membrane interactions for drug delivery. Several methods are used to obtain plasma membrane to generate cell membrane nanoparticles. Here, an optimized method combining nitrogen cavitation in isotonic buffer and sucrose gradient fractionation is presented. The method allows to obtain cell membrane fractions of high purity from both suspension and adherent cells. Comparison with other common methods for membrane extraction, where mechanical lysis using cell homogenizers is performed in isotonic or hypotonic buffers, shows that the optimized procedure yields high purity membrane in a robust and reproducible way. Procedures to mix the purified membrane with synthetic lipids to obtain cell membrane liposomes (CMLs) are presented and indications on how to optimize these steps are provided. CMLs made using crude membrane isolates or the purified membrane fractions show different uptake by cells. The CMLs made with the optimized procedure and liposomes of the same composition but without cell membrane components are thoroughly characterized and compared for their size, zeta potential, bilayer and mechanical properties to confirm membrane protein inclusion in the CMLs. Cell uptake studies confirm that the inclusion of membrane components modifies liposome interactions with cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202400498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T05:36:12Z","timestamp":1729488972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Optimization of Cell Membrane Purification for the Preparation and Characterization of Cell Membrane Liposomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sander","family":"de Weerd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen  A. Deusinglaan 1 Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands"},{"name":"Molecular Biophysics Zernike Institute University of Groningen  Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen 9700 RB The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma A.","family":"Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen  A. Deusinglaan 1 Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Calicchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen  A. Deusinglaan 1 Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands"},{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry &amp; New Polymer Materials, Zernike Institute University of Groningen  Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Portale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry &amp; New Polymer Materials, Zernike Institute University of Groningen  Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Jacob","family":"Schuringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen 9700 RB The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter H.","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biophysics Zernike Institute University of Groningen  Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9339-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen  A. 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