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With disturbed electrical conduction and oxidative stress in infarcted myocardium, injured heart experiences a negative ventricle remodeling process, and finally leads to heart failure. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short\u2010lived signaling molecule regulating cardiovascular homeostasis, while vasodilation of systemic vasculature is accompanied by its exogenous supplementation. Meanwhile, connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein for electrical propagation in myocardium, is downregulated by NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The seesaw\u2010like relationship of Cx43 and NO in cardiac repair raises an intractable issue of how to address localized\u2010specific NO administration and simultaneously reconstruct electrical conduction. Given that both iNOS accumulation and NO metabolism affected by oxidative stress occur in mitochondria, mitochondria\u2010specific\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010arginine (\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Arg) delivery systems are developed and are encapsulated in conductive microneedle patches. When implanted onto myocardium,\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Arg is catalyzed by iNOS to synthesize NO in mitochondria, which contributes to sustained NO administration and alleviates oxidative stress. Functional patch with equivalent conductivity to myocardium repairs electrophysiological properties of heart and upregulates Cx43 expression. This study proposes integration of in situ NO generation and electrical conduction reconstruction in cardiac repair.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202500818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T09:00:38Z","timestamp":1757408438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Conductive Microneedle Patch with Mitochondria\u2010Localized Generation of Nitric Oxide Promotes Heart Repair after Ischemia\u2010Reperfusion Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010an","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University) Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) and School of Life Science Shanghai University  Nantong 226011 China"},{"name":"Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Shanghai 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