{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:04:04Z","timestamp":1773029044155,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microbatteries are essential for powering compact electronic devices, where traditional batteries fall short due to their bulk and limited integration flexibility. Recent progress in advanced materials, 2D\/3D microfabrication techniques, and printable nonlithium chemistries has enabled significant improvements in performance, safety, and scalability. Among emerging technologies, microscale zinc\u2013air batteries (ZAMBs) offer promise, delivering high energy density while utilizing safe, earth\u2010abundant materials and ambient oxygen as the cathodic reactant\u2010making them a lightweight, sustainable, and cost\u2010effective option for next\u2010generation miniaturized electronics. In this work, underexplored compact ZAMBs specifically designed for microdevices is presented. These are fabricated using directly electrodeposited catalysts and microplotted Pt\/C as bifunctional cathodes, with zinc deposited on a porous silver scaffold of interdigitated electrodes serving as the anode. The resulting devices achieve an areal capacity exceeding 20\u00a0\u00b5Ah\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at a high areal current of 2\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , along with a volumetric capacity of 85\u00a0mAh\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    sustained over 100 cycles\u2010outperforming previously reported most of microbatteries integrated on IDE platforms. Structural and electrochemical characterization confirmed the in situ formation of CoNi layered double hydroxide in the cathode, validating the feasibility of microscale bifunctional catalyst integration. Additionally, the use of a near\u2010neutral electrolyte ensures robust performance under mild operating conditions, supporting seamless incorporation into compact energy storage systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202501562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T10:31:29Z","timestamp":1762770689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microscale Near\u2010Neutral Zinc\u2013Air Battery on Interdigitated Electrode Chips for High Current Operation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Subhra R.","family":"Pattanayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Serilingampally Mandal  Hyderabad 500046 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nibagani","family":"Naresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Materials Discovery University College London  London WC1E 7JE UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Materials Discovery University College London  London WC1E 7JE UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Materials Discovery University College London  London WC1E 7JE UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tharangattu N.","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Serilingampally Mandal  Hyderabad 500046 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buddha Deka","family":"Boruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Materials Discovery University College London  London WC1E 7JE UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44286-024-00136-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.ade4642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13164097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08785-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"105","volume":"17","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomicro Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415693122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00459-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c02539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202413777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c19970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c00768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c22233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"105","volume":"17","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomicro Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52494-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA06366C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c00768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c22233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2022.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.4c00093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2010.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.170232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c14744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"5","volume":"6","author":"Pattanayak S. 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