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These processes are highly dynamic, strongly coupled, and span multiple spatial and temporal scales, complicating the establishment of direct structure\u2013property correlations and impeding the rational design of next\u2010generation anodes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particularly in situ modalities, overcomes these limitations by combining sub\u2010\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m resolution with multimodal capabilities\u2014including real\u2010space imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy\u2014to directly visualize morphology, structural, and chemical in real time. This review summarizes mechanistic insights obtained through analytical TEM across three hierarchical domains: (1) electrode surfaces, revealing deposition\/stripping kinetics and dendrite nucleation; (2) bulk phases, tracking phase transformations, volumetric changes, and ion transport; and (3) electrode\u2013electrolyte interfaces, elucidating SEI formation, evolution. 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