{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T21:01:14Z","timestamp":1792875674286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62474078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62474078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024T170324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024T170324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024MF026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MF026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Flexible and wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered promising candidates for mechanical energy harvesting and self\u2010powered sensing, yet simultaneously achieving high output performance together with environmental adaptability remains challenging. In this study, a hydrophobic nanofiber\u2010reinforced paper\u2010based TENG (HF\u2010PTENG) was developed by integrating (3\u2010aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)\u2010modified polyacrylonitrile\/aramid nanofiber (PANA) membranes and a flexible conductive paper electrode (FCPE). The HF\u2010PTENG delivered an open\u2010circuit voltage of 384.3\u00a0V, a short\u2010circuit current of 15.1\u00a0\u00b5A, and a transferred charge of 149.5 nC, achieving a maximum instantaneous power destiny of 2.1\u00a0mW\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Stable electrical output was maintained over 11\u00a0000 operation cycles, and efficient biomechanical energy harvesting was demonstrated from finger tapping, wrist bending, and knee motions to power capacitors, commercial LEDs, and sensors. A smart glove integrated with the HF\u2010PTENG was designed to achieve wireless control of a miniature car via WiFi communication. In addition, a 3\u00d73 TENG sensor array was constructed to visualize planar pressure distribution. Separately, convolutional neural network (CNN) analysis enabled the recognition of six finger\u2010drawn patterns with an accuracy of 98.32%. This study offers a practical and scalable strategy for constructing high\u2010performance, flexible TENGs with board potential for applications in wearable electronics, human\u2013machine interfaces, and intelligent motion sensing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202502422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:19:33Z","timestamp":1771485573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hydrophobic Nanofiber\u2010Reinforced Paper\u2010Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for High\u2010Efficiency Mechanical Energy Acquisition and Autonomous Motion Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ruida","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chencheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42235\u2010020\u20100004\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201500917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42235\u2010025\u201000757\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01432-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.154358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2023.101139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201506187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA10175A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010024\u201001530\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.105823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201601372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201401513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.09.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b00153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-024-05911-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.5c02678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c09192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800569"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","article-title":"Tribovoltaic Effect at Liquid\u2013MoS2 Interfaces and Spectral Analysis of Interfacial Charge Transfer","volume":"37","author":"Liu Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202203707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13010036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la8024827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.202100275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c08565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13391\u2010023\u201000470\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.105829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274\u2010022\u20105054\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5c04209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15010094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43939\u2010023\u201000036\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35848\/1347\u20104065\/acf79e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854\u2010025\u201015442\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting","volume":"15","author":"Srivastava N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Resources"}],"container-title":["Small Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smtd.202502422","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smtd.202502422","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smtd.202502422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:55:24Z","timestamp":1774619724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smtd.202502422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smtd.202502422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smtd.202502422","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-9608","2366-9608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-9608","type":"print"},{"value":"2366-9608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02422"}}