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Herein, we present a rapid flash combustion synthesis strategy to fabricate a self\u2010anchored Ni\u2010Co\u2010Fe spinel oxide electrode (Ni\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    Co\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    Fe\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u2010NF) via in situ substrate diffusion. By exploiting the transient high\u2010temperature thermal shock generated by igniting Co\/Fe precursors on Ni foam, Ni atoms from the substrate are driven to diffuse outwards and react with the precursor layer. This process simultaneously establishes a compositionally graded, metallurgically bonded interface and a hierarchical porous network formed by gas expansion. The resulting Ni\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    Co\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    Fe\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u2010NF electrode exhibits exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, requiring an overpotential of 254\u00a0mV to deliver a current density of 100\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and maintaining industrial\u2010level stability for over 1 week. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the in situ incorporated Ni optimizes the electronic structure and triggers a switch from the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) to the energetically favorable lattice\u2010oxygen\u2010mediated (LOM) pathway. This work provides a scalable, energy\u2010efficient paradigm for designing monolithic, high\u2010performance electrodes for sustainable hydrogen production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:21:13Z","timestamp":1778818873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flash\u2010Combustion Synthesis of Self\u2010Anchored Spinel Oxides via In Situ Ni Diffusion for Robust Water Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shaopeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezhu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE03363E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c01944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b11868"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf177"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","article-title":"The Top Ten Scientific Questions in Electrochemistry","volume":"30","author":"Electrochemistry C. 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