{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:03:47Z","timestamp":1784887427865,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102021\u2010NR060112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102021\u2010NR060112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000350044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000350044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inkjet printing offers a mask\u2010free route to large\u2010area electronics, yet achieving uniformity in micron\u2010scale organic light\u2010emitting diode (\u00b5\u2010OLED) arrays remains challenging. Presented here is a photolithography\u2010free, solvent\u2010programmed, single\u2010step inkjet micro\u2010inlay process in which lateral phase separation self\u2010confines each emissive pixel. Guided by solubility parameters, a trichloromethane (TCM)\/1,2\u2010dichloroethane (DCE) binary solvent is designed to optimize interactions among the solvents, emissive solutes, and the poly(4\u2010vinylpyridine) (P4VP) underlayer. Micro\u2010Raman mapping, cross\u2010sectional SEM, and AFM phase analysis support lateral phase separation between the emissive region and the displaced P4VP phase, selective restructuring of P4VP while preserving the underlying transport layer, and no detectable nanoscale phase segregation within the emissive interior, yielding self\u2010confined pixels of approximately 100\u00a0\u00b5m. High\u2010speed imaging shows that the blend yields reproducible 180 dpi arrays without jetting instability or nonuniform deposition. Green \u00b5\u2010OLED arrays printed with the blend achieve a peak luminance of 2400\u00a0cd m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , a peak current efficiency of 3.5\u00a0cd A\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and a peak external quantum efficiency of 1.0%. The figure of merit and luminance uniformity improve by 2.6\u2010 and 6.9\u2010fold, and by 3.9\u2010 and 2.9\u2010fold, respectively, relative to neat TCM and neat DCE. This strategy enables scalable fabrication of flexible and three\u2010dimensional conformal OLED platforms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:04:40Z","timestamp":1781589880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Binary\u2010Solvent\u2010Programmed Single\u2010Step Inkjet Printing of Self\u2010Confined Micro\u2010Inlaid OLED Arrays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JaeWoo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Plasma\u2010Bio Display Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9305-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonsun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4991-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5385-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ha","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plasma\u2010Bio Display Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5046-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoungchoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plasma\u2010Bio Display Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics","author":"Heinzl J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00455415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/0954405971516194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2352\/J.ImagingSci.Technol.1998.42.1.art00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/PROC\u2010625\u2010117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm0101632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b711984d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200901141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527685790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2002.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200300385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200400527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200700859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2TC00360K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.120807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.121090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521\u20104095(199906)11:9<734::AID\u2010ADMA734>3.0.CO;2\u2010D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201043359\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2021.106247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/JSID16.12.1229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/JSID17.12.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/JSID17.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2020.105822"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sdtp.12294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b08679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201901429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2749189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521\u20104095(200111)13:21<1601::AID\u2010ADMA1601>3.0.CO;2\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200502051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022\u20103727\/48\/45\/455501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9090441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC01330B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b00649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202200017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.43.7395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420006834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je100821g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00503578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Toxicological Profile for 1 2\u2010Dichloroethane; Table 4\u20102 Physical and Chemical Properties of 1 2\u2010Dichloroethane accessed December 2025 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK607317\/table\/ch4.tab2\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Toxicological Profile for Chloroform; Table 4\u20102 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chloroform accessed December 2025 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK609966\/table\/ch4.tab2\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","volume-title":"Polymer Blends Handbook","author":"Utracki L. A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MH00512F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp408241f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.036313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0609232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/fdmp.2021.014126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","volume-title":"Principles of Polymer Chemistry","author":"Flory P. J.","year":"1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC05065D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma400597j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2512-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378\u20103812(02)00184\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la900059m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010matsci\u2010070909\u2010104502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expthermflusci.2014.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la100650p"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5016876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0584\u20108539(68)80084\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0584\u20108539(68)80085\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC02404E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2008.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5729(02)00077-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma991206r"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9112367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201300324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00303-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201054820\u20109"}],"container-title":["Small Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smtd.70769","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smtd.70769","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smtd.70769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:22:23Z","timestamp":1784884943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smtd.70769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smtd.70769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smtd.70769","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-9608","2366-9608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-9608","type":"print"},{"value":"2366-9608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70769"}}