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To address this issue, we engineered an injectable Zein\u2010based composite hydrogel (ZDC hydrogel) using electron\u2010beam irradiation and, incorporated niacin\u2010loaded mesoporous carbon nanospheres to achieve photothermal regulation and niacin release. The ZDC hydrogel exhibited favorable self\u2010assembly, mechanical properties, photothermal performance, degradability, and biosafety. In vitro, ZDC hydrogel extracts enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3\u2010E1 cells and the tenogenic differentiation of tendon\u2010derived stem cells (TDSCs). Mechanistically, ZDC hydrogel extracts increased intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, suppressed\n                    <jats:italic>p16<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>p21<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, and reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in MC3T3\u2010E1 cells. In the osteoporotic rat rotator cuff repair model, ZDC hydrogels combined with near\u2010infrared irradiation (NIR) enhanced new bone formation within the humeral head bone tunnel, improved fibrocartilaginous TBI reconstruction, and strengthened biomechanical properties of the repaired tendon\u2013bone complex. Furthermore, in a rat skin wound model, ZDC hydrogels combined with NIR increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 while reducing tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 levels, indicating enhanced angiogenesis and attenuated inflammatory responses. Collectively, these findings suggest that the injectable ZDC hydrogel is a promising strategy for osteoporotic rotator cuff tear repair.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:28:13Z","timestamp":1785230893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Injectable Zein\u2010Based Photothermal Composite Hydrogel Enhances Osteoporotic Tendon\u2013Bone Healing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2743-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR 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