{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1790172034619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The synthesis of colloidal gallium nitride (GaN) quantum dots (QDs) is limited by the instability of organic ligands at the high GaN crystallization temperatures. Here, we report a top\u2010down, defect\u2010driven fragmentation strategy that yields high\u2010purity colloidal GaN QDs at 50\u00b0C and ambient pressure. This process is facilitated by nitrogen\u2010containing organic solvents, which we propose lower the energy barrier for native point defect segregation to the crystal surface, thereby promoting controlled structural subdivision. Defect extraction is supported by the progressive suppression of deep\u2010level defect luminescence and the emergence of sharp, quantum\u2010confined emission with a full width at half maximum of 38.8\u00a0nm. Direct observation of crystal fragmentation via identical\u2010location transmission electron microscopy corroborates the mechanism. Post\u2010synthesis analysis reveals extensive crystallite subdivision and the formation of surface Ga\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    states. This strategy offers a scalable route to high\u2010quality GaN QDs and provides a foundation for exploring the defect\u2010mediated synthesis of nanostructures from other chemically robust semiconductors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:37:33Z","timestamp":1787200653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Top\u2010Down Synthesis of Wurtzite Gallium Nitride Colloidal Quantum Dots via Defect\u2010Driven Fragmentation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yangpil","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8426-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwangwook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayeon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2927-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungwon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Woo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0954-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongnam","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)  Ulsan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research and Development Center UniQDot  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10071327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cg800321x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201015481\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9tc00079h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20100248(01)01046\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521\u20103951(200202)229:3R1::Aid\u2010Pssb999913.0.CO;2\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/Jjap.42.7272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2004.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.45.13307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/Apex.2.011003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201026397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfrep.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c09552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b07653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.117865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2021.138588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202001289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b11237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4dt01191k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10812\u2010021\u201001182\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053\u20101591\/aaaa83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.16402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201055776\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201024684\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0041608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854\u2010023\u201010462\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl062524o"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1856224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202300438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3389497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1467605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.110.087404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.122098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.84.115318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515\u20107639\/ae05cd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2017.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160\u2010024\u201000704\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.3675606"}],"container-title":["Small 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