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However, the limited ability to engineer microstructural features in vat polymerization 3D\u2010printed natural hydrogels often compromises scaffold performance, as oversized pores reduce cell attachment and cell\u2013cell interactions while smooth pore walls lack essential topographical cues. Here, we report an emulsion\u2010based ink for vat polymerization 3D printing that enables the fabrication of hydrogels with finely tunable and highly interconnected porous architectures. An oil\u2010in\u2010water resin formulated using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) contains stable solvent nanodroplets that act as sacrificial templates during photopolymerization. Removal of the dispersed phase yields additive\u2010free porous hydrogels with pore sizes ranging from 0.66 to 46.15\u00a0\u00b5m and a 2.5\u2010fold enhancement in compressive toughness. This strategy is compatible with digital light processing (DLP) and broadly applicable to multiple photocurable biopolymers, including alginate methacrylate (ALMA) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA). The resulting porous scaffolds promote enhanced cell attachment, proliferation, and cell\u2013cell interactions, highlighting the potential of this vat polymerization\u2010compatible platform for advanced biofabrication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:31:20Z","timestamp":1787977880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vat Polymerization 3D Printing of Hydrogels With Tunable Porosity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland 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