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Among them, iridium (Ir)\u2010based nanozymes exhibit exceptional intrinsic peroxidase\u2010like activity. However, the high cost and scarcity of noble\u2010metal Ir severely limit practical and large\u2010scale use. Herein, we address this challenge by engineering a core\u2013shell Ni\u2013Ir nanozyme in which inexpensive nickel (Ni) serves as the core and catalytically active Ir forms a thin surface shell, resulting in a low Ir content of only 4.9 at.% (denoted as Ir\n                    <jats:sub>4.9%<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ni). This architecture maximizes Ir utilization while preserving excellent catalytic performance. Importantly, the resulting Ir\n                    <jats:sub>4.9%<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ni nanozyme was successfully applied as a catalytic label in both sandwich and competitive ELISA formats for sensitive detection of a prostate cancer biomarker and the food contaminant aflatoxin B1, respectively. In both assays, the nanozyme\u2010based platforms outperformed conventional enzyme\u2010based assays in analytical sensitivity. This work provides an effective strategy for engineering highly active yet cost\u2010efficient nanozymes for bioanalytical and diagnostic applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.70998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:08:01Z","timestamp":1787742481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nickel Core\u2013Thin Iridium Shell Nanoparticles as Cost\u2010Effective and Highly Active Peroxidase\u2010Mimicking Nanozymes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eden","family":"Sammis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"},{"name":"NanoScience Technology Center University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"},{"name":"Bionic Implants, Materials and Interfaces Cluster University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010025\u201001918\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202101576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010020\u20100913\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00718G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202108650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.1c00074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-026-00898-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20230057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR05514D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1490-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c03365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021\u20109517(69)90326\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202300589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.202300034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Introductory Chapter: Overview of the Properties and Applications of Noble and Precious Metals","volume":"3","author":"Seehra M. 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