{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:54:36Z","timestamp":1791431676480,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201025421959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201025421959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201025414925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201025414925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201016065277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201016065277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gallium\u2010based liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as promising photothermal agents owing to their broadband optical absorption, high photothermal conversion capability, and intrinsic fluidity. However, their practical implementation in aqueous and biological environments remains severely limited by water\u2010induced oxidation and hydrolysis, which progressively deteriorate their structural and photothermal stability. Here, we present a facile and potentially scalable double\u2010emulsion strategy that physically isolates LM nanodroplets from water without requiring complex surface modification. By dispersing eutectic gallium\u2013indium (EGaIn) nanodroplets within an oleic acid (OA) intermediate phase and subsequently emulsifying the system in water, a yolk\u2013shell\u2010type LM\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010OA\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010water (LM\/OA\/W) architecture is spontaneously formed through wettability\u2010driven confinement. The OA phase serves as both a barrier against water transport and a thermally insulating microenvironment. Consequently, the double\u2010emulsified LM exhibits improved aqueous stability and amplified photothermal performance compared with conventional LM\/water dispersions, while retaining its morphology and functionality during prolonged aqueous storage and repeated near\u2010infrared irradiation. Furthermore, the double\u2010emulsion platform demonstrates low acute toxicity, effective photothermal suppression of three\u2010dimensional tumor spheroids, and facile incorporation of additional functional components. This work establishes wettability\u2010driven double emulsification as a simple yet versatile strategy for stabilizing and multifunctionalizing LM\u2010based photothermal systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:13:48Z","timestamp":1789020828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oleic Acid\u2010Mediated Double Emulsification Enables Enhanced Aqueous Stability and Localized Photothermal Heating of Liquid Metal Droplets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1235-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunju","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji University Yonginsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Dongguk University Goyangsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji University Yonginsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Kug","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Myongji University Yonginsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongmin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji University Yonginsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2809-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bongseop","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Dongguk University Goyangsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6007-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joohyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji University Yonginsi Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400532z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2022.102753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR02502H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b00364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR01963D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00309A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202201956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c21962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR00988A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR05600E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202104143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202500694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202108069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-8686(02)00069-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.9b00783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202501598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(72)90369-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b16675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR06526A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.126500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TA08501A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-024-3040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2, Test No.202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test","author":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","article-title":"Alternative Models for Anticancer Drug Discovery From Natural Products Using Binary Tumor\u2010Microenvironment\u2010on\u2010a\u2010Chip","volume":"12","author":"Kim Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advancement of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-01853-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NH00305A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26978-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.141302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30112450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA06902A"}],"container-title":["Small Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smtd.71023","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smtd.71023","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smtd.71023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:35:51Z","timestamp":1791430551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smtd.71023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smtd.71023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smtd.71023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-9608","2366-9608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-9608","type":"print"},{"value":"2366-9608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71023"}}