{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:02:42Z","timestamp":1789718562933,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Urinary cell\u2010free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising substrate for non\u2010invasive liquid biopsy analysis and biomarker detection. However, the lack of standardized pre\u2010analytical workflows and the intrinsic challenges associated with isolating highly dilute and fragmented cfDNA limit its broader research and clinical applications. Here, we present a simplified, reliable and cost\u2010effective extraction platform based on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized via coprecipitation. By leveraging nature\u2010inspired surface functionalization, these magnetic nanoparticles enable the rapid and direct isolation of cfDNA from fresh urine while supporting scale\u2010up of the processing volumes. The proposed platform achieves a 2\u2010fold increase in cfDNA yield compared to conventional commercial extraction kits and demonstrates enhanced recovery of short DNA fragments, with a predominant size distribution between 80\u2013150\u00a0bp. This improved capture efficiency facilitates a detection sensitivity down to 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0ng\/mL using qPCR, likely limited by assay sensitivity rather than DNA extraction performance. Moreover, the simplified extraction and elution steps eliminate the need for specialized laboratory instrumentation. Collectively, this approach provides a foundation for accessible, potentially at\u2010home cfDNA extraction and advances the development of truly non\u2010invasive diagnostic strategies for longitudinal disease monitoring and management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:16:38Z","timestamp":1789715798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nature\u2010Inspired Histidine and Guanidine Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Urinary DNA Liquid Biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Dina","family":"Haddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CEB) University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishtiaq","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CEB) University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manthos","family":"Pitoulias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK) University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK) University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ljiljana","family":"Fruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CEB) University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","article-title":"The Art of Obtaining a High Yield of Cell\u2010Free DNA From Urine","volume":"15","author":"Augustusid E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061384","article-title":"Deciphering Tumour Heterogeneity: From Tissue to Liquid Biopsy","volume":"14","author":"Gilson P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvac122","article-title":"Urinary Cell\u2010Free DNA in Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Management","volume":"68","author":"Salfer B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01746-x","article-title":"The Future of Early Cancer Detection","volume":"28","author":"Fitzgerald R. 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