{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:01:01Z","timestamp":1790247661047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017975","name":"Southern California Gas Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#CW63431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#CW63431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global demand for sustainable energy carriers has led to a growing interest in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which produces an energy\u2010dense and carbon\u2010emission\u2010free fuel. Despite notable advancements in the design of catalysts and membranes, HER production at high rates is still impeded by the removal of hydrogen gas bubbles, which leads to losses in energy efficiency. In this work, a nanoscale triple\u2010phase boundary (TPB) of gas, liquid, and solid phases was prepared to study the limits of hydrogen removal from the catalyst\/membrane interface. A robust atomic force microscopy (AFM) setup with a proton\u2010conducting hydrogel was employed to study HER kinetics of single\u2010entity Pt nanowires at the TPB. The TPB\u2010based configuration allowed for the intrinsic activity of individual Pt catalysts to be quantified at current densities relevant to membrane electrolysis. Broadly, these findings provide a promising AFM\u2010based model system for understanding electrocatalysis at TPBs and design of energy\u2010efficient electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:07:44Z","timestamp":1790244464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gas Transfer Highways Enhance the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Triple\u2010Phase Boundaries"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9995-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh Duc","family":"Dinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry and Division of Smart Energy Convergence Engineering Korea University  Sejong South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-1790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Kempler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry the Oregon Center For Electrochemistry University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4316-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongpil","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry and Division of Smart Energy Convergence Engineering Korea University  Sejong South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2012.12.026","article-title":"The Hydrogen Economy: Its History","volume":"38","author":"Bockris J. 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