{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:01:17Z","timestamp":1790600477705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000208484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000208484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000408271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000408271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201025460911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201025460911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102022R1A2C301335313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102022R1A2C301335313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102022\u2010NR070636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102022\u2010NR070636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000412829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000412829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003701","name":"Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NK263F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NK263F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Graphene exhibits strong nonlinear optical responses across a broad spectral range, including the terahertz (THz) regime. Although THz high\u2010harmonic generation in graphene has been demonstrated and can be enhanced by electrostatic doping and multilayer stacking, how interlayer carrier redistribution determines the overall nonlinear response remains unclear. Here, we show that the THz nonlinearity of turbostratically stacked multilayer graphene is governed by electrostatically induced interlayer Fermi\u2010level redistribution. We experimentally observe gate\u2010dependent modulation of third\u2010 and fifth\u2010harmonic generation in top\u2010gated monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene devices. To account for these results, we combine a thermodynamic model of graphene THz nonlinearity with a nonlinear screening model for interlayer charge redistribution under electrostatic doping. The model quantitatively reproduces the measured layer\u2010 and gate\u2010dependent harmonic responses, showing that the total THz nonlinear response of turbostratically stacked multilayer graphene is determined not only by the total carrier density but also by its distribution across the layers. These findings identify control over the layer\u2010resolved carrier distribution as a key design principle for optimizing nonlinear performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:42:20Z","timestamp":1790599340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrostatic Control of Terahertz High\u2010Harmonic Generation in Turbostratically Stacked Graphene"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Seong Cheol","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghak","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wontae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soojeong","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bumki","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Rotermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.3","article-title":"Cutting\u2010Edge Terahertz Technology","volume":"1","author":"Tonouchi M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Photonics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201000011","article-title":"Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging\u2014Modern Techniques and Applications","volume":"5","author":"Jepsen P. 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