{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:56:26Z","timestamp":1790747786430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Scalable processing of lead\u2010free perovskite\u2010inspired absorbers is often constrained by a fundamental trade\u2010off: the structural reconstruction needed to improve electronic dimensionality can simultaneously introduce anisotropic textures that hinder vertical charge extraction. Here we show that this trade\u2010off can be overcome in vacancy\u2010ordered antimony halides by coupling ultrasonic spray deposition with solvent\u2010 and halide\u2010mediated crystallization control. Using Cs\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    Sb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    I\n                    <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013xCl\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a model system, we developed an ambient\u2010air deposition process followed by annealing under an N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/SbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    atmosphere route based on an amide\u2010free 2\u2010methoxyethanol\/butanol solvent mixture that yields compact, pinhole\u2010free films without high\u2010boiling amide solvents. Chloride incorporation directs annealing\u2010induced reconstruction from a zero\u2010dimensional dimeric phase to a layered polymorph, while grazing\u2010incidence wide\u2010angle X\u2010ray scattering reveals that this transformation occurs without generating a strongly detrimental crystallographic texture. Transient absorption spectroscopy further shows suppressed self\u2010trapping and longer\u2010lived band\u2010edge carriers after dimensional reconstruction. As a result, the layered absorber retains an effective out\u2010of\u2010plane transport component and enables indoor photovoltaic (iPV) efficiencies up to 6.9% at 1000 lux (6500 K). Our results identify a general route by which scalable spray processing can be used not only to deposit lead\u2010free absorbers, but also to engineer phase evolution and transport\u2010relevant texture for efficient vertical optoelectronic operation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:02:18Z","timestamp":1790744538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scalable Spray Processing Resolves the Dimensionality\u2013Transport Trade\u2010off in Lead\u2010Free Indoor Photovoltaics"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Department of Information Engineering Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Zhejiang Beisheng Photovoltaic Co. 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