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To address this strength\u2010resilience trade\u2010off, we report a sustainable alternative: A wood\u2010derived carbon aerogel that turns ordinary wood into a carbon material with high\u2010temperature thermal insulation capability under inert atmospheres. This is achieved by using a delignified wood carbon sponge scaffold infiltrated with phenolic carbon aerogels of variably controlled particle sizes (tunable via resorcinol\/chitosan ratio adjustment). The natural cellulose skeleton provides elastic buckling capacity, while the multisized phenolic fillers reinforce cell walls and inhibit crack propagation, forming a synergistic load\u2010bearing network. The WCS\u2010CA50 sample exhibits a room\u2010temperature thermal conductivity of 0.037\u00a0W\/(m\u00b7K), a thermal conductivity of 0.13\u00a0W\/(m\u00b7K) at 1100\u00b0C, and a compressive stress of 0.517\u00a0MPa at 50% strain, indicating a balanced combination of thermal insulation and mechanical performance. This strategy utilizes renewable wood biomass as the primary structural matrix, offering a renewable route to fabricating carbon\u2010based thermal protection systems without reliance on synthetic fiber reinforcements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:05:34Z","timestamp":1790575534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Scale Synergistic Networks Enable Wood\u2010Derived Carbon Aerogels With High Compressibility and Temperature Thermal Insulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology  Changsha P.R. 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