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Both demand readout at the level of the individual molecule, on scales from the chemical bond to the residue to the spatial register. Five emerging platforms now meet these requirements along complementary dimensions. Tip\u2010enhanced Raman spectroscopy reads single glycosidic linkages through vibrational fingerprints. Electrospray ion beam deposition coupled to low\u2010temperature scanning tunneling microscopy resolves connectivity, stereochemistry, and intact glycoconjugate architecture on individual molecules. Engineered nanopores translate single\u2010molecule translocations into linkage\u2010 and modification\u2010specific ionic\u2010current signatures in solution. High\u2010resolution cryo\u2010electron microscopy places glycans within hydrated higher\u2010order assemblies as explicit atomic models. \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m\u2010resolution fluorescence imaging resolves individual glycans on intact cell surfaces. This Review examines each platform from the standpoint of its working principle, the structural variables it resolves, and the methodological boundary it currently defines, with attention to the recurring trade\u2010offs they negotiate across chemistry, physiology, ensemble, and interpretation. The mature contribution of these platforms will be the conversion of glycan structure from inventory into mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:26:59Z","timestamp":1790767619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emerging Nanoscale Platforms for Precision Glycan Analysis: Molecular Fingerprinting, Nanopore Sensing, and Spatial Readouts"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6042-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoxiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-4274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinmiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"},{"name":"Dalian Lingshui Bay Laboratory  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyan","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glycos.2025.100022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/4.6.759"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580\u2010020\u201000294\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586\u2010022\u201000128\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222278"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cww086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581\u2010019\u20100129\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117734"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2025.101491","article-title":"The Biological Basis and Analyses of N\u2010Glycan Microheterogeneity","volume":"25","author":"Adams T. 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