{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:55:30Z","timestamp":1790578530770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007834","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023J010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022955","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SJLY2024007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJLY2024007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small Methods"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liquid metal (LM) combines high electrical conductivity with fluidic deformability, making them promising for conductive inks, stretchable networks, and composite sensing materials. In practice, bulk LM is transformed into micro\/nano\u2010particles (LMPs) to improve stability and processability for composites. LMPs are typically prepared via shear, ultrasonication, or microfluidics in liquid media, requiring subsequent processing to obtain dry particles. Herein, inspired by friction\u2010induced aggregation during cream application, a dry\u2010state friction strategy is developed for solvent\u2010free fabrication of LMPs. During friction, bulk LM is continuously fragmented, while freshly exposed surfaces rapidly oxidize in air to form robust shells. Unlike conventional liquids, which rapidly coalesce after shear, this structure prevents re\u2010coalescence, yielding stable core\u2013shell LMPs. Particle size can be tuned by adjusting friction parameters, including pressure, speed, and duration, and alkaline surface modification enables control over morphology and oxide shell thickness. The as\u2010prepared LMPs exhibit excellent stability in air and liquid, with no corrosion of metal substrates. Incorporation into a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)\u2010fructose matrix produces a sensing gel with stable electromechanical response, good durability, and degradable and recyclable characteristics. This work provides a simple route for LMPs, advancing their use in wearable sensors and soft electronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:03:36Z","timestamp":1790575416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solvent\u2010Free Dry Friction\u2010Enabled Self\u2010Stabilized Liquid Metal Micro\/Nanoparticles Toward Stretchable Electronics"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zihang","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzhou","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yefeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licheng","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aibing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianke","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5449-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang\u2010Italy Joint Lab For Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202311153","article-title":"Magnetic Liquid Metals: A Review","volume":"34","author":"Kim D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Functional Materials"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-024-00679-w","article-title":"Liquid\u2010Metal\u2010Based Magnetic Fluids","volume":"9","author":"Xiang W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10066","article-title":"Transformable Liquid\u2010Metal Nanomedicine","volume":"6","author":"Lu Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15432","article-title":"Light\u2010Driven Liquid Metal Nanotransformers for Biomedical Theranostics","volume":"8","author":"Chechetka S. 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