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However, understanding the relationship between shielding performance and complex surface microstructures of MXene nanoflakes remains challenging. In this study, flexible selfstanding Ti\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    films were synthesized under various preparation conditions, achieving an ultrahigh EMI shielding effectiveness exceeding 70\u00a0dB. The morphology and microstructure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high\u2010resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), synchrotron radiation X\u2010ray diffraction (SR\u2010XRD), X\u2010ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS), and X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the layered structure of MXene and the nearest\u2010 and next\u2010nearest\u2010neighbor coordination numbers around Ti atoms, an XAFS\u2010based model was developed to estimate the surface Ti\u2010vacancy rate (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and average surface T\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010termination number (\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The results reveal that the shielding performance is jointly influenced by\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    through nonlinear coupling, with\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    exerting a more pronounced influence. Furthermore, the correlations among EMI absorption shielding performance, electrical conductivity, attenuation constant, surface structural parameters, and synthesis conditions were systematically analyzed, and the mechanism by which the surface structures affect the absorption shielding effectiveness was briefly discussed. We anticipate that this work will contribute to the surface engineering and optimization of advanced MXene\u2010based shielding materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.71084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:05:21Z","timestamp":1791291921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of MXene Surface Structures on the Absorption Component in Reflection\u2010Dominated Electromagnetic Interference Shielding"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3783-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuecheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengkai","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Micro\/Nano\u2010Fabrication Laboratory School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1052-6319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueqing","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Space Sanjiang Honglin Detection and Control Co. 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