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Diagnosis is based on symptoms not biological causes. Here, we summarize New Zealand\u2010based work developing EEG biomarkers and novel treatments. Working at the University of Otago, we have developed an anxiety disorder biomarker and shown its potential to detect anxiety resistant to conventional treatments. Others have started similar work on depression biomarkers. We have also found that ketamine is a novel treatment for treatment\u2010resistant neurotic disorders in general and have provided a \u201cdouble hit\u201d hypothesis of the mechanisms involved. Muthukumaraswamy and coworkers at the University of Auckland and elsewhere have obtained similar results with ketamine, LSD, and psilocybin, and we, along with them, have demonstrated treatment\u2010related effects on EEG. These linked developments, potentially supplemented with psychotherapy, should open the way to quicker acting, broad ranging, effective treatment of neurotic disorders. With the our recent more purely practical development of oral tablet delivery, which will allow home dosing, the future for the treatment of neurotic disorders looks bright.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/snz2.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T19:48:48Z","timestamp":1771184928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hope for Neurotic Disorders: A Summary of New Zealand Research on the Development of Biomarkers and Novel Treatments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychology, School of Pharmacy University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabah M.","family":"Shadli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychology, School of Pharmacy University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Psychology Charles Sturt University  Bathurst Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Beaglehole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychological Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Glue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychological Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01266-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","volume-title":"Mental Health Services in Australia","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116462"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241301215"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.10854"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaglehole B. 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