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Recent economics research has shown the importance of social influences on women's STEM avoidance, but male low achievement has been less\u2010studied and tends to be attributed to behavior problems and deficient non\u2010cognitive skills. I revisit the determinants of the gender gap in U.S. educational attainment with a relatively\u2010advantaged sample of young men and women and find that school behavior and measured skills are not very important drivers of gender differences, particularly in the transition to college. Educational aspirations, on the other hand, are strongly predictive of educational gaps and the gender difference in aspirations cannot be explained, even with rich adolescent data that includes parental expectations and school achievement indicators. These results suggest that gender identity concerns may influence (and damage) the educational prospects of boys as well as girls through norms of masculinity that discourage academic achievement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/soej.12460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T12:51:34Z","timestamp":1603457494000},"page":"416-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Educational gender gaps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Shelly","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003355300554881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/.40.4.1167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","article-title":"Risk preferences of children and adolescents in relation to gender, cognitive skills, soft skills, and executive functions","author":"Andreoni J.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Culture and Public Action: A Cross\u2010Disciplinary Dialogue on Development Policy","author":"Appadurai A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540250120081779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Wayward Sons: The Emerging Gender Gap in Labor Markets and Education","author":"Autor D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/app.20170571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/688899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1543","volume-title":"Handbook of Labor Economics","author":"Bertrand M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjv001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/app.5.1.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411402669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920701532202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003465303322369722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-8997-2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243205278639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cools Angela RaquelFern\u00e1ndez andEleonoraPatacchini.Girls boys and high achievers. 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