{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:07:42Z","timestamp":1780992462978,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["steel research int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The Midrex process produces metallurgical residues in the form of dust, sludge, and fines. As these have high iron content, herein, the aim is to recycle the residues and use them as an educt in the Midrex process, thus closing the material cycle and increasing raw material efficiency. Briquetting of these materials with binder is one possibility to prepare them for the use as an educt in the Midrex process. Experiments are conducted to test the suitability of the organic binders starch and cellulose for briquetting. Furthermore, tests with the inorganic bentonite are included for comparison. Briquettes are generally characterized by high strength. However, compared with iron oxide pellets, they have a low porosity and thus a higher apparent density, and consequently, a worse reducibility. The use of organic binders should improve the reducibility. The iron oxides are in close contact with the C\u2010carrier of the organic binder so that a solid\u2013solid phase direct reduction can take place. Furthermore, the solid carbon reacts to CO, and thus, increases the presence of reducing gas in the enlarged pores of the briquettes, and should therefore increase the degree of reduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.202000238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:34:23Z","timestamp":1594168463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Briquetting of Fine\u2010Grained Residues from Iron and Steel Production Using Organic and Inorganic Binders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Lohmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources\u2019 Process Engineering (ITUN) TU Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF)  Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 28 Freiberg 09599 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Thaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"voestalpine Steel Division Business Unit Slab voestalpine Stahl GmbH  voestalpine-Stra\u00dfe 3 Linz 4020 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"voestalpine Steel Division Business Unit Slab voestalpine Stahl GmbH  voestalpine-Stra\u00dfe 3 Linz 4020 Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Wollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources\u2019 Process Engineering (ITUN) TU Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF)  Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 28 Freiberg 09599 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Werner","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources\u2019 Process Engineering (ITUN) TU Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF)  Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 28 Freiberg 09599 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Treatise on Process Metallurgy","author":"Battle T.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Direct from Midrex 2011, 3rd and 4th Quarter","author":"Ravenscroft C. 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