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Application of this therapy to tumors in the bronchus, bladder, skin, and several other sites has demonstrated both safety and efficacy, even in advanced cases. Eradication of early stage tumors in the bronchus and bladder has been demonstrated. Selective retention of the photosensitizers in tumors is apparently related to the relatively large size of the aggregates of these materials causing phagocytosis by reticuloendothelial cells as well as preventing rapid clearance from tumor interstitial fluid and subsequent uptake in lipophylic components of cells. Upon light activation, generally delivered from lasers via fiber optics, the sensitizers generate singlet oxygen, the apparent cytotoxic agent, causing both vascular damage and injury to tumor cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ssu.2980020104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T04:33:16Z","timestamp":1172118796000},"page":"24-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Photosensitization of malignant tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"524","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","article-title":"Uber die wirkung fluoreszirenden stoffe auf infusoria","volume":"39","author":"Raab C","year":"1900","journal-title":"Z Biol"},{"issue":"409","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","article-title":"Sensitized photochemical processes in biological systems","volume":"18","author":"Spikes ID","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Rev Phys Chem"},{"issue":"1423","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","article-title":"Etudes sur les aspects offerts par des tumeurs exper\u2010imentales examinees a la lumi\u00e8re de woods","volume":"91","author":"Policard A","year":"1924","journal-title":"C R Soc Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"LipsonRL GrayMJandBaldesEJ:Hematoporphyrin derivative for detection and management of cancer. 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