{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:22:26Z","timestamp":1760782946439},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]],"date-time":"2006-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6438,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the diagnosis of clinically inapparent breast cancer, mammography remains the most effective imaging modality, which is due in large part to its ability to detect microcalcifications. Of the ancillary modalities, sonography is the most useful because it readily differentiates cysts from other breast lesions. Internal mammary and axillary node imaging have been tried with varying levels of success, but false\u2010positive and false\u2010negative rates remain high with available techniques. Pulmonary metastases are best evaluated by chest X\u2010ray with specificity increased by other imaging techniques. Liver and bone metastases may be screened for with isotope scans with computerized tomography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, increasing the specificity of abnormal scans. CT and MRI are the most effective tools for evaluating CNS disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ssu.2980050204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T05:40:19Z","timestamp":1172122819000},"page":"82-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Imaging techniques in breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"D. David","family":"Dershaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.117.3.686"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Tento\u2010fourteen\u2010year effect of screening on breast cancer mortality","volume":"69","author":"Shapiro S","year":"1982","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/133.3.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.32.4.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.138.5.911"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Breast Carcinoma: Current Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Tabar L","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Recent Results in Cancer Research","author":"Tabar L","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.1.3024209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07357908609039821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.3.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Mammography\u2014A Users Guide","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.3.623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.147.1.6828727"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.3.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.5.843"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800815)46:4 <933::AID-CNCR2820461314>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Breast Carcinoma: Current Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Sickles EA","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/122.1.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Breast Carcinoma: Current Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Dodd GB","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.140.3.7280232"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"86","volume-title":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.4.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.146.1.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)01876-0","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the human breast: A phase I trial","volume":"22","author":"El Yousef SJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/124.3.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/132.3.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197901)43:1<137::AID-CNCR2820430121>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"361","article-title":"Studies on the metastasis of breast cancer to lymph nodes. II. Diagnosis of metastasis to internal mammary nodes using radiocolloid","volume":"28","author":"Matsvo S","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(77)90061-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1984.2.7.774","article-title":"The relevance of internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in the management of breast carcinom","volume":"2","author":"Ege GN","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(79)90570-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"The internal mammary lymphatic glands","volume":"52","author":"Stibbe EP","year":"1918","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-52-614-124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","first-page":"354","article-title":"The detection of lymph node metastases using radio\u2010labelled colloids","volume":"65","author":"Osborne MP","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800661120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"933","article-title":"A comparison of two technitium 99m\u2010labelled radiopharmaceuticals for lymphoscintigraphy","volume":"20","author":"Kaplan WD","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92892-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PeytonJWR CrosbieJ BellTK RoyAD Odling\u2010SmeeW: High colloidal uptake in axillary nodes with metastatic disease.Br J Surg507\u2013509 1981.","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680721"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-0740(79)90001-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","first-page":"384","article-title":"Lymphoscintigraphy in the staging of solid tumors","volume":"156","author":"Osborne MP","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Axillary lymphoscintigraphy by radioimmunodetection of carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Deland FH","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(76)80004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","first-page":"903","article-title":"Accuracy of roentgenograms of the chest in metastases to the lungs","volume":"144","author":"Didolkar MS","year":"1977","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197803000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.2.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","first-page":"437","article-title":"Pulmonary metastases","volume":"20","author":"Libshitz HI","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.3.4001370"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197609)38:3<1137::AID-CNCR2820380314>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","first-page":"469","article-title":"Diagnostic approaches to liver and spleen metastases","volume":"20","author":"Bernardino ME","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.132.6.915"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.1.6611929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810201)47:3<486::AID-CNCR2820470311>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800590202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-56-664-233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810215)47:4<680::AID-CNCR2820470410>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Bone scintiscanning in the initial assessment of carcinoma of the breast","volume":"141","author":"Lentle BC","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800561017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.3.3544034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Cranial computed tomography of breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Shi M","year":"1982","journal-title":"CT"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(85)80301-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_2","first-page":"476","article-title":"Computerized transaxial tomography and cerebral serial scintigraphy intracranial tumors\u2010rate of detection and tumor type identification: concise communication","volume":"19","author":"Buell U","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.136.3.7403544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.152.3.6463251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_2","unstructured":"SzeG. Personal communication."}],"container-title":["Seminars in Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fssu.2980050204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ssu.2980050204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T20:59:55Z","timestamp":1698008395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ssu.2980050204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ssu.2980050204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ssu.2980050204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-0437","1098-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-0437","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}