{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1777512997333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]],"date-time":"2006-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6438,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superficial transitional cell carcinoma is defined as a transitional cell urothelial tumor that is confined to the mucosa, stages Ta or CIS, or with invasion of the lamina propria, T1. The initial treatment is transurethral resection with an attempt to remove all tumor. This should provide an accurate histologie grade and stage, and from this information a prognosis can be determined. The important predictive factors that correlate with a new occurrence or true recurrence and the development of a subsequent tumor with muscle invasion are a high tumor grade, lamina propria invasion, a positive cytology following resection, multifocal tumors, dysplasia or carcinoma in situ from mucosal biopsies of normal appearing urothelium, and a prior history of bladder cancer. Based on these factors, the recurrence rate varies from 30 to 80% and progression with a muscle invasive tumor up to 30%. Intravesical chemotherapy or \u201cimmunotherapy\u201d following tumor resection has been shown to diminish the likelihood of a recurrence. Thiotepa has been used for the longest period of time. It is relatively inexpensive, safe if myelosuppression is closely monitored, and effective. Mitomycin C was more effective than Thiotepa in randomized trials, but is significantly more expensive. This has retarded its use as a first\u2010line agent. It has been shown to eradicate persistent tumor in 30 to 40% of patients who have failed Thiotepa. Mitomycin C is also highly effective when used for prophylaxis. Intravesical bacillus Calmette\u2010Guerin (BCG) has recetly been demonstrated to be an effective intravesical therapeutic agent. It is effective both for treatment and prophylaxis. BCG is relatively safe and inexpensive. The most important factor in the treatment and monitoring of patients with superficial bladder cancer is rigorous follow\u2010up after the initial transurethral resection. This consists of regular endoscopy and cytology. The urologist must be ready to intervene with cystectomy once it is apparent that the tumor is no longer remaining superficial or has become resistant to intravesical therapeutic agents, particularly with a high\u2010grade tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ssu.2980050407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T07:41:10Z","timestamp":1172130070000},"page":"247-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Diagnosis and management of superficial bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Soloway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures","author":"Silverberg E","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55976-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57526-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51695-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49815-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(85)90453-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49104-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)47646-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870801)60:3 <502::AID-CNCR2820601512>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55018-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1985.tb07031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51400-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Intravesical effects of mitomycin C in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma who have previously failed therapy with Thiotepa","volume":"26","author":"Koontz WW","year":"1985","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"First\u2010line chemotherapy of superficial bladder cancer: Mitomycin C versus Thiotepa","volume":"26","author":"Heney NM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860601)57:11<2119::AID-CNCR2820571105>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"StrickerPD GrantABF HoskenBM TaylorJS:Topical mitomycin C therapy for carcinoma of the bladder. 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