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We hypothesized that circulating HSPC may home to inflamed vessels, where they might contribute to inflammation and neointima formation. We demonstrated that Lin\u2212 Sca-1+ cKit+ (LSK cells) in BM and peripheral blood of LDLr\u2212\/\u2212 mice on high fat diet expressed significantly more integrin \u03b22, which was responsible for LSK cell adhesion and migration toward ICAM-1 in vitro, and homing to injured arteries in vivo, all of which were blocked with an anti-CD18 blocking antibody. When homed LSK cells were isolated from ligated artery and injected to irradiated recipients, they resulted in BM reconstitution. Injection of CD18+\/+ LSK cells to immunodeficient Balb\/C Rag2\u2212 \u0263C\u2212\/\u2212 recipients resulted in more severe inflammation and reinforced neointima formation in the ligated carotid artery, compared to mice injected with PBS and CD18\u2212\/\u2212 LSK cells. Hypercholesterolemia stimulated ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in LSK cells of LDLr\u2212\/\u2212 mice in vivo. Blockade of pERK reduced ARF1 expression, leading to decreased integrin \u03b22 function on HSPC. In addition, integrin \u03b22 function could be regulated via ERK-independent LRP1 pathway. Integrin \u03b22 expression on HSPC is regulated by hypercholesterolemia, specifically LDL, in pERK-dependent and -independent manners, leading to increased homing and localization of HSPC to injured arteries, which is highly correlated with arteriosclerosis. 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Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Scharffetter-Kochanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Verfaillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Stem Cell Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 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