{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:47:46Z","timestamp":1790005666309,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"State of Texas"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mononuclear cells (MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow and other sources have received significant attention as donor cells for treating various neurological disorders due to their robust neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it is relatively easy to procure these cells from both autogenic and allogenic sources. Currently, there is considerable interest in examining the usefulness of these cells for conditions such as status epilepticus (SE) and chronic epilepsy. A prolonged seizure activity in SE triggers neurodegeneration in the limbic brain areas, which elicits epileptogenesis and evolves into a chronic epileptic state. Because of their potential for providing neuroprotection, diminishing inflammation and curbing epileptogenesis, early intervention with MNCs or MSCs appears attractive for treating SE as such effects may restrain the development of chronic epilepsy typified by spontaneous seizures and learning and memory impairments. Delayed administration of these cells after SE may also be useful for easing spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction in chronic epilepsy. This concise review evaluates the current knowledge and outlook pertaining to MNC and MSC therapies for SE and chronic epilepsy. In the first section, the behavior of these cells in animal models of SE and their efficacy to restrain neurodegeneration, inflammation, and epileptogenesis are discussed. The competence of these cells for suppressing seizures and improving cognitive function in chronic epilepsy are conferred in the next section. The final segment ponders issues that need to be addressed to pave the way for clinical application of these cells for SE and chronic epilepsy. Stem Cells 2015;33:2093\u20132103<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T14:56:25Z","timestamp":1428418585000},"page":"2093-2103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Concise Review: Prospects of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Status Epilepticus and Chronic Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Satish","family":"Agadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McLane's Children's Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Research Service Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.32800.x","article-title":"The treatment gap in epilepsy: The current situation and ways forward","volume":"42","author":"Meinardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","article-title":"Early identification of refractory epilepsy","volume":"342","author":"Kwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12427","article-title":"Surgical versus medical treatment for refractory epilepsy: Outcomes beyond seizure control","volume":"54","author":"Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0004","first-page":"756","article-title":"Dietary treatment of intractable epilepsy","volume":"19","author":"Cervenka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00017-6","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for epilepsy","volume":"116","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597-13.6.297","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline update: Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy: Report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"13","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.11.012","article-title":"Cell and gene therapies in epilepsy\u2014Promising avenues or blind alleys?","volume":"31","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-011-0064-y","article-title":"Progress in cell grafting therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Shetty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.JNS13918","article-title":"Overexpression of adenosine kinase in cortical astrocytes and focal neocortical epilepsy in mice","volume":"120","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.43","article-title":"Gene therapy in epilepsy\u2014Is it time for clinical trials?","volume":"10","author":"Kullmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn079","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y gene therapy decreases chronic spontaneous seizures in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"131","author":"No\u00e8","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8391","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1538-05.2005","article-title":"Repair of the injured adult hippocampus through graft-mediated modulation of the plasticity of the dentate gyrus in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"Shetty","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12275","article-title":"Gene therapy in status epilepticus","volume":"54","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01743.x","article-title":"Gene therapy in epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Riban","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.12.001","article-title":"Hippocampal injury-induced cognitive and mood dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, and epilepsy: Can early neural stem cell grafting intervention provide protection?","volume":"38","author":"Shetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.04.040","article-title":"Grafting of striatal precursor cells into hippocampus shortly after status epilepticus restrains chronic temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"212","author":"Hattiangady","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15472","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900141106","article-title":"Reduction of seizures by transplantation of cortical GABAergic interneuron precursors into Kv1.1 mutant mice","volume":"106","author":"Baraban","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.446","article-title":"Medial ganglionic eminence-derived neural stem cell grafts ease spontaneous seizures and restore GDNF expression in a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"28","author":"Waldau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3392","article-title":"GABA progenitors grafted into the adult epileptic brain control seizures and abnormal behavior","volume":"16","author":"Hunt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240622","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240622","article-title":"Interneurons from embryonic development to cell-based therapy","volume":"344","author":"Southwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.10.006","article-title":"hPSC-derived maturing GABA-ergic interneurons ameliorate seizures and abnormal behavior in epileptic mice","volume":"14","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.03.016","article-title":"Strategies for promoting anti-seizure effects of hippocampal fetal cells grafted into the hippocampus of rats exhibiting chronic temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"27","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2329","article-title":"Lessons from human teratomas to guide development of safe stem cell therapies","volume":"30","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.05.005","article-title":"Immunomodulation and neuroprotection with mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (MSCs): A proposed treatment for multiple sclerosis and other neuroimmunological\/neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"265","author":"Karussis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.12.002","article-title":"Functional recovery after severe CNS trauma: Current perspectives for cell therapy with bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"93","author":"Vaquero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.01.014","article-title":"The potential use of adult stem cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"110","author":"Slavin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.07.013","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study","volume":"227","author":"Yamout","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-011-0073-x","article-title":"Cell therapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Ben-Hur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59544-7.00005-6","article-title":"Bone marrow stem cells in experimental stroke","volume":"201","author":"Kocsis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.06.020","article-title":"The stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair","volume":"95","author":"Drago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.14.30","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Signals for hope?","volume":"9","author":"Allers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3425","article-title":"Harnessing the stem cell potential: A case for neural stem cell therapy","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1806","article-title":"Are clinical trials with mesenchymal stem\/ progenitor cells (MSCs) too far ahead of the science? Lessons from experimental hematology","volume":"32","author":"Prockop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1 187","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.248","article-title":"Safety and immunological effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Karussis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-52","article-title":"Clinical trials for stem cell therapies","volume":"9","author":"Trounson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47559","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047559","article-title":"Safety of cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (SafeCell): A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"Lalu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.06.009","article-title":"Intranasally administered mesenchymal stem cells promote a regenerative niche for repair of neonatal ischemic brain injury","volume":"261C","author":"Donega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1812","article-title":"Intrathecal delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells protects the structure of altered perineuronal nets in SOD1 rats and amends the course of ALS","volume":"32","author":"Forostyak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624640","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/624640","article-title":"Intraperitoneal infusion of mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells prevents experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice","volume":"2014","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.06.010","article-title":"Intraperitoneal and intravenous deliveries are not comparable in terms of drug efficacy and cell distribution in neonatal mice with hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"37","author":"Ohshima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2014.8","article-title":"The current landscape of adipose-derived stem cells in clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1909","article-title":"Characteristics and potential applications of human dental tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.08.009","article-title":"Discarded Wharton jelly of the human umbilical cord: A viable source of mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"17","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0554","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell population derived from human pluripotent stem cells displays potent immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties","volume":"23","author":"Kimbrel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000243197.05519.3d","article-title":"Practice parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with status epilepticus (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"67","author":"Riviello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12245-010-0177-9","article-title":"Time-critical neurological emergencies: The unfulfilled role for point-of-care testing","volume":"3","author":"McMullan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0048","first-page":"416","article-title":"Partial epilepsy and corpus callosum involvement","volume":"149","author":"Gastaut","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510070076040","article-title":"Recommendations of the Epilepsy Foundation of America's Working Group on Status Epilepticus","volume":"270","author":"Treatment of convulsive e status epilepticus","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00433.x","article-title":"Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy","volume":"34","author":"Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.1029","article-title":"A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia","volume":"46","author":"DeLorenzo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1973.00490190028002","article-title":"Prolonged epileptic seizures in primates: Ischemic cell change and its relation to ictal physiological events","volume":"28","author":"Meldrum","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0053","first-page":"261","article-title":"Metabolic factors during prolonged seizures and their relation to nerve cell death","volume":"34","author":"Meldrum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.3.323","article-title":"Low morbidity and mortality of status epilepticus in children","volume":"83","author":"Maytal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.7.1070","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69043-0","article-title":"Incidence, cause, and short-term outcome of convulsive status epilepticus in childhood: Prospective population-based study","volume":"368","author":"Chin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70546-4","article-title":"Outcome of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Raspall-Chaure","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.05.009","article-title":"Developmental outcome after a single episode of status epilepticus","volume":"21","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws213","article-title":"Recognition memory is impaired in children after prolonged febrile seizures","volume":"135","author":"Martinos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12136","article-title":"Early developmental outcomes in children following convulsive status epilepticus: A longitudinal study","volume":"54","author":"Martinos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.21301.x","article-title":"Outcome of severe refractory status epilepticus in children","volume":"42","author":"Sahin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.205","article-title":"Refractory status epilepticus: Frequency, risk factors, and impact on outcome","volume":"59","author":"Mayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70310-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of epileptogenesis and potential treatment targets","volume":"10","author":"Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0263-4","article-title":"Origins of temporal lobe epilepsy: Febrile seizures and febrile status epilepticus","volume":"11","author":"Patterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0261-6","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers of epileptogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Lukasiuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.01.022","article-title":"Defining \u201cepileptogenesis\u201d and identifying \u201cantiepileptogenic targets\u201d in animal models of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy is not as simple as it might seem","volume":"69","author":"Sloviter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.12.003","article-title":"Prevention of seizures and reorganization of hippocampal functions by transplantation of bone marrow cells in the acute phase of experimental epilepsy","volume":"19","author":"Costa-Ferro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-1217-7","article-title":"Earl transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells promotes neuroprotection and modulation of inflammation after status epilepticus in mice by paracrine mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Leal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-013-9557-3","article-title":"Antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model","volume":"66","author":"Costa-Ferro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50293","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050293","article-title":"Density gradient centrifugation compromises bone marrow mononuclear cell yield","volume":"7","author":"Posel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.04.011","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells protect CNS neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate receptor expression and function","volume":"236","author":"Voulgari-Kokota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132810Y.0000000018","article-title":"Improvement of the pilocarpine epilepsy model in rat using bone marrow stromal cell therapy","volume":"33","author":"Abdanipour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0073","first-page":"F","article-title":"Intraperitoneal administration of human mesenchymal stem cells restrains status epilepticus induced neurodegeneration and inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus","author":"Shetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Abstracts of the 12th Annual meeting of International Society for Stem Cell Research"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.01.002","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cell grafts engineered to release adenosine reduce chronic seizures in a mouse model of CA3-selective epileptogenesis","volume":"84","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.07.020","article-title":"Genetically engineered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve functional outcome in a rat model of epilepsy","volume":"1532","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.10.012","article-title":"Why should mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cure autoimmune diseases?","volume":"22","author":"Uccelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8914-1_12","article-title":"Do structural changes in GABA neurons give rise to the epileptic state?","volume":"813","author":"Houser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0313","article-title":"Concise review: Prospects of stem cell therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"Shetty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0079","first-page":"22787648","volume-title":"Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]","author":"Shetty","year":"2012","edition":"4th"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2683-11.2012","article-title":"Differentiation and functional incorporation of embryonic stem cell-derived GABAergic interneurons in the dentate gyrus of mice with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"32","author":"Maisano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.06.006","article-title":"Bone marrow mononuclear cells reduce seizure frequency and improve cognitive outcome in chronic epileptic rats","volume":"89","author":"Venturin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.001","article-title":"Transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells decreases seizure incidence, mitigates neuronal loss and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in epileptic rats","volume":"46","author":"Costa-Ferro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8480-0","article-title":"The imbalanced expression of adenosine receptors in an epilepsy model corrected using targeted mesenchymal stem cell transplantation","volume":"48","author":"Huicong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2014.08.001","article-title":"Immunomodulatory treatments in epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Melvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2013.0566","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells to treat complications following allogenic stem cell transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Battiwalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt434","article-title":"Intraarterial transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells is more efficacious and safer compared with umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a rodent stroke model","volume":"5","author":"Karlupia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt544","article-title":"The cerebral embolism evoked by intra-areterial delivery of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats is related to cell dose and infusion velocity","volume":"6","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2022011110542073300_stem2029-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.213","article-title":"Intra-arterial injection of neural stem cells using a microneedle technique does not cause microembolic strokes","volume":"31","author":"Chua","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab"}],"container-title":["Stem Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fstem.2029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/stem.2029","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/stem.2029","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stmcls\/article-pdf\/33\/7\/2093\/42015568\/stmcls_33_7_2093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stmcls\/article-pdf\/33\/7\/2093\/42015568\/stmcls_33_7_2093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T02:55:47Z","timestamp":1642560947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stmcls\/article\/33\/7\/2093-2103\/6407307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.2029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-5099","1549-4918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-5099","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-4918","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]}}}