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REST has been shown to suppress proneuronal microRNAs in neural progenitors indicating that REST-mediated neurogenic suppression may act in part via microRNAs. We used neural differentiation of Rest-null mouse ESC to identify dozens of microRNAs regulated by REST during neural development. One of the identified microRNAs, miR-375, was upregulated during human spinal motor neuron development. We found that miR-375 facilitates spinal motor neurogenesis by targeting the cyclin kinase CCND2 and the transcription factor PAX6. Additionally, miR-375 inhibits the tumor suppressor p53 and protects neurons from apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, motor neurons derived from a spinal muscular atrophy patient displayed depressed miR-375 expression and elevated p53 protein levels. Importantly, SMA motor neurons were significantly more susceptible to DNA damage induced apoptosis suggesting that miR-375 may play a protective role in motor neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T22:53:47Z","timestamp":1445986427000},"page":"124-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["MiR-375 is Essential for Human Spinal Motor Neuron Development and May Be Involved in Motor Neuron Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Akshay","family":"Bhinge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema C.","family":"Namboori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 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