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The alloimmune rejection postvascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is mediated by T lymphocytes. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) possess the superiority of convenient availability and potent immunoregulatory property, but their therapeutic results in the VCA are unambiguous thus far. Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) can specifically guide immune cells migrating into SLOs. There, the genes of CCR7\u2013GFP or GFP alone were introduced into hASCs by lentivirus. hASCs\/CCR7 maintained the multidifferentiation and immunoregulatory abilities, but it gained the migration capacity elicited by secondary lymphoid organ chemokine (SCL) (CCR7 ligand) in vitro. Noteworthily, intravenously infused hASCs\/CCR7 targetedly relocated in the T-cell aggression area in SLOs. In a rat VCA model, hASCs\/GFP transfusion had a rare effect on the allografted vascularized composite. However, hASCs\/CCR7 infusion potently prolonged the grafts\u2019 survival time. The ameliorated pathologic exhibition and the regulated inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood were also observed. The altered axis of Th1\/Th2 and Tregs\/Th17 in SLOs may underlie the downregulated rejection response. Moreover, the proteomic examination of splenic T lymphocytes also confirmed that hASCs\/CCR7 decreased the proteins related to cytokinesis, lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic process. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated that targeted migration of hASCs\/CCR7 to SLOs highly intensifies their in vivo immunomodulatory effect in the VCA model for the first time. We believe this SLO-targeting strategy may improve the clinical therapeutic efficacy of hASC for allogeneic and autogenic immune disease. Stem Cells \u00a02019;37:1581\u20131594<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T07:33:29Z","timestamp":1565854409000},"page":"1581-1594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Targeted Migration of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Secondary Lymphoid Organs Enhances Their Immunomodulatory Effect and Prolongs the Survival of Allografted Vascularized Composites"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"b Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General 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Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LingLi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JieJie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e Department of Molecular Biology, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of 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