{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:37:33Z","timestamp":1792460253719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006747","name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006747","name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Graft-vs-host-disease (GvHD) is currently the main complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mortality and morbidity rates are particularly high, especially in steroid-refractory acute GvHD (aGvHD). Immune regulatory human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMB-MSCs) represent a therapeutic approach to address this issue. Unfortunately, their effect is hardly predictable in vivo due to several variables, that is, MSC tissue origin, concentration, dose number, administration route and timing, and inflammatory status of the recipient. Interestingly, human bone marrow MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (hBM-MSC-EVs) display many of the hBM-MSC immunoregulatory properties due to their content in paracrine factors that greatly varies according to the collection method. In this study, we focused on the immunological characterization of hBM-MSC-EVs on their capability of inducing regulatory T-cells (T-regs) both in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model of aGvHD. We correlated these data with the aGvHD incidence and degree following hBM-MSC-EV intravenous administration. Thus, we first quantified the EV immunomodulation in vitro in terms of EV immunomodulatory functional unit (EV-IFU), that is, the lowest concentration of EVs leading in vitro to at least threefold increase of the T-regs compared with controls. Second, we established the EV therapeutic dose in vivo (EV-TD) corresponding to 10-fold the in vitro EV-IFU. According to this approach, we observed a significant improvement of both mouse survival and control of aGvHD onset and progression. This study confirms that EVs may represent an alternative to whole MSCs for aGvHD prevention, once the effective dose is reproducibly identified according to EV-IFU and EV-TD definition.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T21:00:36Z","timestamp":1594933236000},"page":"698-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Functional dosing of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host-disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7348-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Dal Collo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Tamellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Bazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Takam Kamga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"},{"name":"2 EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Tecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Maria","family":"Quaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Krampera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022022510394555900_stem3160-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00079","article-title":"Pathophysiology of GvHD and other HSCT-related major complications","volume":"8","author":"Ghimire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022022510394555900_stem3160-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32834ba87d","article-title":"Treatment of chronic graft-versus-host-disease in 2011","volume":"18","author":"Inamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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