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One common histologic zone with a high frequency of mesenchymal progenitor cells within mammalian tissues is the tunica adventitia, the outer layer of blood vessel walls populated by cells with a fibroblastic morphology. The diversity and functions of (re)generative cells present in this outermost perivascular niche are under intense investigation; we have reviewed herein our current knowledge of adventitial cell potential with a somewhat narrow focus on bone formation. Antigens of interest to functionally segregate adventicytes are discussed, including CD10, CD107a, aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms, and CD140a, among others. Purified adventicytes (such as CD10+, CD107alow, and CD140a+ cells) have stronger osteogenic potential and promote bone formation in vivo. Recent bone tissue engineering applications of adventitial cells are also presented. A better understanding of perivascular progenitor cell subsets may represent a beneficial advance for future efforts in tissue repair and bioengineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T09:59:27Z","timestamp":1636624767000},"page":"1427-1434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bone-Forming Perivascular Cells: Cellular Heterogeneity and Use for Tissue Repair"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6084-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajia","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology \u00a0Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology \u00a0Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Gomez-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology \u00a0Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginny Ching-Yun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology \u00a0Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology 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