{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:06:59Z","timestamp":1788869219639,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,2]],"date-time":"2004-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K-72X-10358-10A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K-72X-10358-10A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Network in Neuroscience (NNN)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005701","name":"\u00c5hl\u00e9n-stiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (confocal system)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Swedish Society for Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tubby and tubby\u2010like proteins (TULPs) are encoded by members of a small gene family. An autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse\n                    <jats:italic>tub<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene leads to blindness, deafness, and maturity\u2010onset obesity. The mechanisms by which the mutation causes the obesity syndrome has not been established. We compared obese\n                    <jats:italic>tub\/tub<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice and their lean littermates in order to find abnormalities within the mediobasal hypothalamus, a region intimately associated with the regulation of body weight. Using an antiserum to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a marker for cholinergic neurons, many unusually large VAChT\u2010immunoreactive (\u2010ir) nerve terminals, identified by colocalization with the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin, were demonstrated in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of obese\n                    <jats:italic>tub\/tub<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. Double\u2010labeling showed that VAChT\u2010ir nerve endings also contained glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a marker for \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. The VAChT\u2010 and GAD\u2010ir nerve terminals were in close contact with blood vessels, identified with antisera to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule\u20101 (PECAM; also called CD31), laminin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and glucose transporter\u20101 (GLUT1). Such large cholinergic and GABAergic nerve terminals surrounding blood vessels were not seen in the arcuate nucleus of lean\n                    <jats:italic>tub\/+<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. The presence of abnormal cholinergic\/GABAergic vascular innervation in the arcuate nucleus suggests that alterations in this region, which contains neurons that receive information from the periphery and which relays information about the energy status to other parts of the brain, may be central in the development of the obese phenotype in animals with an autosomal recessive mutation in the\n                    <jats:italic>tub<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. Synapse 52:245\u2013257, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,2]],"date-time":"2004-04-02T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1080907282000},"page":"245-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Abnormal cholinergic and GABAergic vascular innervation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of obese\n                    <i>tub\/tub<\/i>\n                    mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Matilda","family":"B\u00e4ckberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10256"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970224)378:4<454::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00999-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00887"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5447.2119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08805.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-002-0475-2","article-title":"Multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha\u2010subunits are expressed in the arterial system of the rat","volume":"118","author":"Bruggmann D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)00022-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Possibilities for a cholinergic action on smooth musculature and on sympathetic axons in brain vessels mediated by muscarinic and nicotinic receptors","volume":"200","author":"Edvinsson L","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.160R007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.12.1214"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199709000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00040-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/288373a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0402-347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00150-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"2795","article-title":"Retinal degeneration in tulp1\u2010\/\u2010 mice: vesicular accumulation in the interphotoreceptor matrix","volume":"40","author":"Hagstrom SA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"1955","article-title":"A role for the Tubby\u2010like protein 1 in rhodopsin transport","volume":"42","author":"Hagstrom SA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00559.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.11100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00184-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377239a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.9.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"2706","article-title":"Cell\u2010specific expression of tubby gene family members (tub, Tulp1,2, and 3) in the retina","volume":"40","author":"Ikeda S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng838"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/325253a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.20.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.35.24980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81104-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ejom.37.4.223.4724"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.13.7926364"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.299.5608.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.11.030188.000333"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-185263-4.50011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00247894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"H1145","article-title":"ACh dilates pial arterioles in endothelial and neuronal NOS knockout mice by NO\u2010dependent mechanisms","volume":"271","author":"Meng W","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(97)80155-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1998.5567"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380534a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(81)90113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199504190-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3880.719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2001.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(96)00114-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(86)90104-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1995.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.3.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199505000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35007534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00192-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.4.837"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.3.878-882.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4420","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6330","article-title":"Expression of growth hormone secretagogue\u2010receptors by growth hormone\u2010releasing hormone neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus","volume":"139","author":"Tannenbaum GS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00696-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00750-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.70.6.1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07427.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000529)421:2<161::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00302-Y"}],"container-title":["Synapse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsyn.20024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/syn.20024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T10:32:02Z","timestamp":1700217122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/syn.20024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/syn.20024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.20024","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-4476","1098-2396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-4476","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,7]]}}}