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However, the corresponding effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, \u201cEcstasy\u201d), which releases catecholamines and also serotonin, are unknown. Using PET, we measured the binding potentials (<jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic>s) of the benzamide [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]raclopride and the butyrophenone N\u2010[<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]methylspiperone ([<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]NMSP) in brain of living pigs first in a baseline condition and at 45 and 165 min after infusion of (+\/\u2010)\u2010MDMA\u2010HCl (1 mg\/kg, i.v.). Concomitant studies of cerebral blood flow did not reveal significant perfusion changes in the cerebellum reference region or in striatum, supporting the present use of reference tissue methods for the mapping of MDMA\u2010evoked <jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic> changes. Relative to the baseline <jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic> of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]raclopride for dopamine D<jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub> receptors in striatum (<jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic> = 1.5\u20132.2), MDMA\u2010treatment reduced <jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic> by 35% in the first posttreatment scan and by 22% in the second posttreatment scan, comparable to changes typically evoked by <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2010amphetamine at a similar dose. In most previous studies, the in vivo binding of butyrophenones has been nearly insensitive to <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2010amphetamine\u2010evoked dopamine release. However, we found the baseline <jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic> of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]NMSP for dopamine D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010like receptors in striatum (<jats:italic>pB<\/jats:italic> = 4\u20135) was decreased by 30% in the first post\u2010MDMA scan and by 50% in the second post\u2010MDMA scan, irrespective of assumptions about the extent of equilibrium binding attained during the 90\u2010min\u2010long PET recordings. Distinct properties of MDMA such as simultaneous release of dopamine and serotonin in brain may account for the present finding of progressive decline in the availability of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]NMSP binding sites in striatum. Synapse 53:222\u2013233, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,14]],"date-time":"2004-07-14T21:23:52Z","timestamp":1089840232000},"page":"222-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["MDMA\u2010evoked changes in [<sup>11<\/sup>C]raclopride and [<sup>11<\/sup>C]NMSP binding in living pig brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Rosa\u2010Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Gjedde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aage K.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svend B.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole 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