{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1771478762399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,26]],"date-time":"2009-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reinforcing properties of cocaine have been related to increased extracellular concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) facilitate mesoaccumbens dopamine transmission and are critically involved in mediating natural and drug reinforcement. We investigated the effects of pharmacological blockade of mAChRs in the VTA on cocaine's ability to enhance electrically evoked NAc dopamine efflux. Using fixed potential amperometry together with carbon fiber recording microelectrodes positioned in the NAc core, we quantified dopamine oxidation currents (dopamine efflux) evoked by brief stimulation (15 monophasic pulses at 50 Hz every 30 s) of the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) in urethane (1.5 g\/kg, i.p.) anesthetized mice. Compared to predrug baseline responses, cocaine (5 or 10 mg\/kg, i.p.) dose\u2010dependently enhanced LDT stimulation\u2010evoked NAc dopamine efflux, whereas the nonsubtype selective mAChR antagonist scopolamine (10 \u03bcg\/0.5 \u03bcl) microinfused into the VTA diminished LDT\u2010evoked NAc dopamine efflux. Preinfusion of scopolamine into the VTA diminished the facilitatory actions of cocaine on LDT stimulation\u2010evoked NAc dopamine efflux, and when infused at the peak effect of cocaine attenuated LDT\u2010evoked dopamine efflux to below predrug baseline levels. These findings suggest that LDT cholinergic inputs to dopamine neurons in the VTA, via activation of mAChRs (probably of the M5 subtype), are involved in modulating the facilitatory effects of cocaine on NAc dopamine neurotransmission. They also suggest that the development of antagonists aimed at selectively disrupting M5 receptor function may be valuable in reducing abuse liability of psychostimulants. Synapse 64:216\u2013223, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,27]],"date-time":"2009-10-27T02:49:16Z","timestamp":1256611756000},"page":"216-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Muscarinic receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area attenuates cocaine enhancement of laterodorsal tegmentum stimulation\u2010evoked accumbens dopamine efflux in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Deranda B.","family":"Lester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-8-46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162371899"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(90)90050-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00714.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11335-9","article-title":"Antagonism by antimuscarinic and neuroleptic compounds at the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"260","author":"Bolden C","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01362-0","article-title":"International union of pharmacology. 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