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To this end, caffeine (3 and 10 mg\/kg) was administered before phosphoERK immunohistochemistry. Caffeine dose\u2010dependently increased the number of phosphoERK\u2010positive neurons in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices but not in the secondary motor cortex and in the nucleus accumbens shell and core. The dopamine D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist, SCH 39166 (50 \u03bcg\/kg), fully prevented phosphoERK activation by caffeine (10 mg\/kg) in the superficial and deep layers of the prefrontal cortex but failed to prevent it in the cingulate cortex. Given that phosphoERK can be regarded as a postsynaptic marker of neuronal activation, the present results indicate that psychotropic properties of caffeine may result from the activation of prefrontal, via dopamine D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptors, and cingulate cortices. Failure of caffeine to activate ERK in the nucleus accumbens further supports, indirectly, the observation that caffeine fails to activate dopamine transmission in this structure and is consistent with the tenet that caffeine lacks of true addictive properties. Synapse 64:341\u2013349, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]],"date-time":"2009-12-22T15:55:50Z","timestamp":1261497350000},"page":"341-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Role of dopamine D<sub>1<\/sub>receptors in caffeine\u2010mediated ERK phosphorylation in the rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Elio","family":"Acquas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ibba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saturnino","family":"Spiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria 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