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[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F] fallypride is the first PET radioligand that allows measurement of the effects of amphetamine on D2\/D3 ligand binding in striatum and extra\u2010striatal brain regions in a single scanning session following amphetamine. We scanned 15 healthy volunteer subjects with [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F] fallypride at baseline and following amphetamine (0.3 mg\/kg) using arterial plasma input\u2010based modeling as well as reference region methods. We found that amphetamine effect was robustly detected in ventral striatum, globus pallidus, and posterior putamen, and with slightly higher variability in other striatal subregions. However, the observed effect sizes in striatum were less than those observed in previous studies in our laboratory using [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C] raclopride. Robust effect was also detected in limbic extra\u2010striatal regions (hippocampus, amygdala) and substantia nigra, but the signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio was too low to allow accurate measurement in cortical regions. We conclude that [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F] fallypride is a suitable ligand for measuring amphetamine effect in striatum and limbic regions, but it is not suitable for measuring the effect in cortical regions and may not provide the most powerful way to measure the effect in striatum. Synapse 64:350\u2013362, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]],"date-time":"2009-12-22T15:56:00Z","timestamp":1261497360000},"page":"350-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release measured with PET and [<sup>18<\/sup>F] fallypride"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Slifstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Kegeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy 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