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[2000] Neuropsychopharmacology 23:351\u2013364), we hypothesized that the densities of high\u2010affinity neuronal \u03b14\u03b22 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain exist in a continuum from highest to lowest as follows: smokers without schizophrenia &gt; smokers with schizophrenia &gt; nonsmokers without schizophrenia &gt; nonsmokers with schizophrenia. Application of the Kruskal\u2010Wallis Test (Statacorp, 2003) to the postmortem data (Breese et al. [2000] Neuropsychopharmacology 23:351\u2010364) confirmed the hypothesized order in the cortex and the hippocampus and attained significance in the caudate and the thalamus. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed for 60 min at 6 h after the intravenous administration of 444 megabequerels [MBq] (12 mCi) 2\u2010[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluoro\u20103\u2010(2(<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>)\u2010azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2\u2010[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FA), a radiotracer for high\u2010affinity neuronal \u03b14\u03b22 nAChRs, as a bolus plus continuous infusion to 10 adults (seven men and three women) (six smokers including five with paranoid schizophrenia and four nonsmokers) ranging in age from 22 to 56 years (mean 40.1, standard deviation 13.6). The thalamic nondisplaceable binding potential (BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub>) was 1.32 \u00b1 0.19 (mean \u00b1 standard deviation) for healthy control nonsmokers; 0.50 \u00b1 0.19 for smokers with paranoid schizophrenia; and 0.51 for the single smoker without paranoid schizophrenia. The thalamic BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub>s of nonsmokers were significantly higher than those of smokers who smoked cigarettes a few hours before the scans (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0105) (StataCorp, 2003), which was likely due to occupancy of nAChRs by inhaled nicotine in smokers. Further research is needed to rule out the effects of confounding variables. 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