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Here, we demonstrate a novel role for torsinA in synaptic vesicle recycling, using cultured hippocampal neurons from a knock\u2010in mouse model of DYT1 dystonia (\u0394E\u2010torsinA) and live\u2010cell imaging with styryl FM dyes. Neurons from heterozygous \u0394E\u2010torsinA mice released a larger fraction of the total recycling pool (TRP) during a single round of electrical stimulation than did wild\u2010type neurons. Moreover, when the neurons were subjected to prior high activity, the time course of release was shortened. In neurons from homozygous mice, these enhanced exocytosis phenotypes were similar, but in addition the size of the TRP was reduced. Notably, when release was triggered by applying a calcium ionophore rather than electrical stimuli, neither a single nor two \u0394E\u2010torsinA alleles affected the time course of release. Thus, the site of action of \u0394E\u2010torsinA is at or upstream of the rise in calcium concentration in nerve terminals. Our results suggest that torsinA regulates synaptic vesicle recycling in central neurons. They also indicate that this regulation is influenced by neuronal activity, further supporting the idea that synaptic abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of DYT1 dystonia. Synapse, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]],"date-time":"2011-12-28T09:10:04Z","timestamp":1325063404000},"page":"453-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Synaptic vesicle recycling is enhanced by torsinA that harbors the DYT1 dystonia mutation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Kakazu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Young","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. W. 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