{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:44:40Z","timestamp":1771559080194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]],"date-time":"2014-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays an important role in glutamate neurotransmission or neurological disorder in the brain. [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>N]Ammonia blood flow tracer has been reported to be metabolically trapped in the brain via the glutamate\u2010glutamine pathway. The present study investigated the effect of an inhibitor of GS on [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>N]ammonia uptake in order to clarify the feasibility of measuring GS activity in the living brain. <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010Methionine sulfoximine (MSO), a selective GS inhibitor was microinjected into the ipsilateral striatum in rats. [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>N]Ammonia uptake was quantified by autoradiography method as well as small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The GS activity of the brain homogenate was assayed from the \u03b3\u2010glutamyl transferase reaction. Autoradiograms showed a decrease of [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>N]ammonia radioactivity on the MSO\u2010injected side compared with the saline\u2010injected side of the striatum. This reduction could be detected with a small animal PET scanner. MSO had no effect on cerebral blood flow measured by uptake of [<jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>O]H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. The reduction of [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>N]ammonia uptake was closely related to the results of GS activity assay. These results indicated that [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>N]ammonia may enable measurement of GS activity in the living brain. <jats:bold>Synapse 69:26\u201332, 2015<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T09:57:11Z","timestamp":1409911031000},"page":"26-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of glutamine synthetase activity by [<sup>13<\/sup>N]ammonia uptake in living rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Sotaro","family":"Momosaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Metabolism &amp; Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory for Development Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd., Futaba\u2010cho Toyonaka Osaka 561\u20100825 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Metabolism &amp; Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory for Development Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd., Futaba\u2010cho Toyonaka Osaka 561\u20100825 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misato","family":"Tonomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Metabolism &amp; Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory for Development Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd., Futaba\u2010cho Toyonaka Osaka 561\u20100825 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohji","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Metabolism &amp; Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory for Development Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd., Futaba\u2010cho Toyonaka Osaka 561\u20100825 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2\u20102, Yamada\u2010oka Suita Osaka 565\u20100871 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Simultaneous in vitro and in vivo validation of nitrogen\u201013\u2010ammonia for the assessment of regional myocardial blood flow","volume":"31","author":"Bellina CR","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"ChengKT.2005.13N\u2010Ammonia. 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