{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:57:35Z","timestamp":1769083055013,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,10]],"date-time":"2015-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science & Technology (PURSE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synapse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). To date, several free radical scavengers have been tested in experimental HD, but only a few have shown promise. Although most antioxidants rapidly reduce ROS but in the process they are oxidized, which limits their ability to protect. Therefore, in the present study we employed a potent recycling antioxidant, 4\u2010hydroxy tempo (4\u2010HT), because it can reinstate its reduced state even after its oxidation during scavenging of ROS. Female Wistar rats were administered 3\u2010nitropropionic acid (3\u2010NP) and\/or 4\u2010HT for 21 days, after which animals were subjected to biochemical and behavioral assessments. Our results showed that 4\u2010HT treatment significantly attenuated the 3\u2010NP induced decrease in the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes. In addition, 4\u2010HT administration restored the increased nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels. Apart from this, 4\u2010HT also attenuated the 3\u2010NP induced decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Further, 4\u2010HT administration resulted in significant improvement in 3\u2010NP induced cognitive and motor impairments. Taken together, the results of the study demonstrate that 4\u2010HT is beneficial in 3\u2010NP induced model of HD and thus could be a potential therapeutic agent in management of this disease. <jats:bold>Synapse 69:128\u2013138, 2015.<\/jats:bold> \u2003\u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T04:43:09Z","timestamp":1418100189000},"page":"128-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["4\u2010hydroxy tempo improves mitochondrial and neurobehavioral deficits in experimental model of <scp>H<\/scp>untington's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Rajat","family":"Sandhir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namita","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arpit","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aanchal","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Sunkaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199808030-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.9.3767"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00786-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Cognitive disorders in patients with Huntington's disease","volume":"32","author":"Barquero\u2010Jimenez MS","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903322370744"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01492-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-07-0607"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05020.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-003-0023-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410514"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Nitric oxide and cellular stress response in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders: The role of vitagenes","volume":"18","author":"Calabrese V","year":"2004","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00910-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)84756-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0751709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00330-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft327"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Functional and molecular changes in FoF1 ATP\u2010synthase of cardiac muscle during aging","volume":"4","author":"Guerrieri F","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cardioscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(00)00207-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310376"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67052045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90125-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9270-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Preparation and properties of soluble NADH dehydrogenase from cardiac muscle. Methods in enzymology","author":"King TE","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3270-1_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90479-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05778"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000137822.39831.F1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503765172291"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(93)90020-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001002)425:4<471::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1770-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-011-0150-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9809-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11311-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn884"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199901000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02320-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20130180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.4.0646"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-5-40"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(98)00078-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01190.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769009145682"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000334273"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2003.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Changes of glutathione and protein bound SH\u2010groups concentration in rat adrenals under acute and repeated stress","volume":"16","author":"Sedlak J","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinol Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi319"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.32.2.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.19.2.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2222"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199901)45:1<25::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200001)47:1<80::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(58)90487-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15020878"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199805000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902960102"}],"container-title":["Synapse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsyn.21793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/syn.21793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T18:28:16Z","timestamp":1696530496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/syn.21793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,10]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/syn.21793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.21793","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-4476","1098-2396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-4476","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,10]]}}}