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Recently, it has been suggested that MS can cause complications in the brain, since chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are risk factors for triggering neuronal death by inducing a state of oxidative stress and inflammatory response that affect cognitive processes. This process, however, is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the consumption of a high\u2010calorie diet (HCD) on both neurodegeneration and spatial memory impairment in rats. Our results demonstrated that HCD (90 day consumption) induces an alteration of the main energy metabolism markers, indicating the development of MS in rats. Moreover, an impairment of spatial memory was observed. Subsequently, the brains of these animals showed activation of an inflammatory response (increase in reactive astrocytes and interleukin1\u2010\u03b2 as well as tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation), causing a reduction in the number of neurons in the temporal cortex and hippocampus. Altogether, these results suggest that a HCD promotes the development of MS and contributes to the development of a neurodegenerative process and cognitive failure. In this regard, it is important to understand the relationship between MS and neuronal damage in order to prevent the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. <jats:bold>Synapse 69:421\u2013433, 2015<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,13]],"date-time":"2015-06-13T05:24:05Z","timestamp":1434173045000},"page":"421-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["A high calorie diet causes memory loss, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress into hippocampus and temporal cortex of rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Departamento de An\u00e1lisis Cl\u00ednicos Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla CP 72570 Puebla 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