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Positron emission tomography (PET) measurements with [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA, [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PIB, and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BCPP\u2010EF were conducted in monkeys in a conscious condition. [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA binding was analyzed by a simplified reference tissue model to calculate nondisplaceable binding potential (BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub>), [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PIB uptake was calculated by standard uptake value ratio (SUVR), and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BCPP\u2010EF binding was determined by Logan graphical analysis to calculate total distribution volume (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>) with arterial blood sampling. Higher brain uptake was determined in the thalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and cortical regions for [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA, while being lower in the cerebellum. Significant age\u2010related reduction of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA binding to \u03b17\u2010nAChR was determined only in the occipital cortex. The plot of Vt of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]BCPP\u2010EF against BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub> of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA indicated a significant negative correlation in the hippocampus and cortical regions in aged animals. Plotting of SUVR of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PIB against BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub> of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA showed a positive correlation. The in vivo binding of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C](<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>)\u2010MeQAA could reflect the upregulation of \u03b17\u2010nAChR induced by neurodegenerative damage determined by A\u03b2 deposition as well as impaired MC\u2010I activity in living brain. <jats:bold>Synapse 69:475\u2013483, 2015.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T15:57:05Z","timestamp":1438444625000},"page":"475-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparing \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding, amyloid\u2010\u03b2 deposition, and mitochondria complex\u2010I function in living brain: A <scp>PET<\/scp> study in aged monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shingo","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. 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